What is HIV/AIDS?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the final and most severe stage of the virus. At this stage, the immune system is severely weakened, making the body highly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

What Causes HIV/AIDS?

HIV is caused by a virus that enters the body through infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Once inside the body, the virus integrates into the DNA of immune cells, replicating and gradually weakening the immune system.

How is HIV Transmitted?

HIV can be transmitted through:

• Unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner).
• Sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV.
• Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
• Blood transfusions or organ transplants with infected blood (though this is rare in modern medical settings).

HIV Symptoms

Early HIV symptoms may include flu-like conditions such as:

• Fever
• Chills
• Rash
• Night sweats
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fatigue

AIDS Symptoms

When HIV progresses to AIDS, symptoms become more severe, including:

• Rapid weight loss
• Extreme fatigue
• Recurring fever
• Prolonged swelling of lymph nodes
• Persistent diarrhea
• Unusual infections and skin conditions

How is HIV/AIDS Diagnosed?

HIV is diagnosed through blood or saliva tests that detect the presence of the virus or its antibodies. Common tests include:

• Antibody tests
• Antigen/antibody tests
• Nucleic acid tests (NATs)

What is the HIV Test?

The HIV test is a medical examination used to detect the virus in the body. It can be done through blood tests or rapid saliva-based tests, with results available within minutes to days.

How is HIV/AIDS Treated?

Although there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatment can help manage the virus. The main form of treatment is Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), which involves a combination of medications that suppress the virus, improve immune function, and prevent disease progression.

HIV/AIDS: Frequently Asked Questions

Can HIV be cured?
No, but it can be controlled with proper treatment.

Is HIV only transmitted through sexual contact?
No, it can also be transmitted through blood, needles, and from mother to child.

Can HIV-positive people live a normal life?
Yes, with early diagnosis and ART, individuals can lead healthy lives.